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DURHAM ECONOMICS DIGEST
Environment
All the latest insights on the natural world, sustainability, and climate change.
Dropping Cocoa Prices: Sweet for Consumers, Bitter for Farmers
With Valentine’s Day approaching, the prices of fancy chocolates and flowers skyrocket with the sudden influx of lovers demanding these goods to gift to their partners. In Ghana – the world’s second largest producer of cocoa – unpaid cocoa farmers are finding it difficult to put food on the table and pay for their children’s schooling. In 2024, Ghana ranked 81 out of 193 in terms of GDP, with most of its trade (16B) dependent on the export of gold (5.90B), cocoa (1.46B) and c

Gabby Wong
Feb 164 min read
Brazil at the Centre of the Global Rare Earths Power Struggle
Brazil has become the focal point of an intensifying geopolitical contest over rare earths, with the US, EU, and China racing to secure access to the country’s vast reserves. These minerals are essential for clean energy, defense, and advanced manufacturing, yet global supply remains heavily dominated by China. Holding the world’s second-largest reserves, most of them still underdeveloped, Brazil has emerged as a strategic prize at a moment of rising trade tensions. Washingto

Gayathri Sunil Pushpangadan
Feb 82 min read


Murk in Every Sense: Sewage, Debt and Reform in England and Wales’ Privatised Water
January 2026. Ofwat set to be abolished in what could be the most radical overhaul of the water sector since privatisation. The operations of England and Wales’ privatised water and sewage systems are murky in more ways than one. Polluted rivers and untreated sewage, opaque finances, blurred accountability, a regulatory system that struggles to see clearly beneath the surface. ‘Murk in every sense’ Does the government’s “New Vision for Water” genuinely cut through the fog, or

Sophia Boiko
Jan 253 min read


From Fossil to Fusion: Humanity's Next Giant Leap Towards Sustainable Energy
How harnessing the power of the sun can help brighten the future of humanity on its mission towards global decarbonisation and sustainable

Bailey Rawden
Dec 22, 20227 min read
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